Palabras clave
Cómo citar
Resumen
Dada su creencia en el poder transformador de la Palabra de Dios, la Fe Bahá’í pone gran importancia en la traducción de sus escrituras sagradas en tantos idiomas como sea posible. Traducciones a los idiomas que no sean inglés necesitan ser aprobadas por la Asamblea Espiritual Nacional del país donde son publicadas, pero frecuentemente son iniciadas por individuos, lo cual significa que las instituciones e individuos tienen papeles distintos y complementarios durante el proceso de traducción. La mayoría de estas traducciones son de las versiones en Inglés—usualmente aquellas producidas por Shoghi Effendi—de los Escritos originales bahá’ís en persa, árabe y turco. Como lingüistas que han estado involucrados en la traducción y revisión de las traducciones de los escritos, los autores han encontrado un número de retos en su trabajo de traducción, que incluyen preguntas acerca de autografía, terminología, y las estrategias de cortesía utilizadas en el trabajo original, asimismo, las idiosincrasias del uso de Inglés. Ilustramos estos asuntos y posibles abordajes de cómo tratarlos utilizando el caso de un corto pasaje de los escritos de Bahá’u’lláh traducido al Japonés y tok pisin. Se espera que este artículo conduzca a intercambios entre traductores y quienes revisan las traducciones y posiblemente al desarrollo de una base de datos de literatura de exégesis sobre los Escritos y otras formas de ayudar a los traductores.
Citas
‘Abdu’l-Bahá. The Promulgation of Universal Peace. In Writings and Utterances of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá. India Bahá’í Publishing Trust, 2000.
‘Abdu’l-Bahá. Selections from the Writings of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá. Comp. Research Department. Trans. Committee at Bahá’í World Centre and Marzieh Gail. Bahá’í World Centre, 1982.
‘Abdu’l-Bahá. Tablets of the Divine Plan. US Bahá’í Publishing Trust, 1993.
‘Abdu’l-Bahá. Yádnámiy-i-Miṣbáḥ-i-Munír, translated by Adib Masumian, December 2021. https://adibmasumian.com/translations/
Alexander, Agnes Baldwin. History of the Bahá’í Faith in Japan,1914 – 1938. Bahá’í Publishing Trust of Japan, 1977.
American Psychological Association. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. Fifth Edition. 2001.
The Báb. Selections from the Writings of the Báb. Bahá’í World Centre, 1976.
Bahá’í Prayers: A Selection of Prayers Revealed by Bahá’u’lláh, the Báb, and ‘Abdu’l‑Bahá. Bahá’í Reference Library. Accessed 22 Oct. 2024. bahai.org/r/831865662
Bahá’u’lláh. A Ling i la Bangbaang sin Bahá’u’lláh di fawuting pan a ling a Arab / Ol Tok Hait bilong Bahá’u’lláh, Bahá’u’lláh i raitim long Tok Arap / The Hidden Words of Bahá’u’lláh from the Arabic. National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of Papua New Guinea. n.d.
Bahá’u’lláh. Epistle to the Son of the Wolf. US Bahá’í Publishing Trust. 1962.
Bahá’u’lláh. Gleanings from the Writings of Bahá’u’lláh. US Bahá’í Publishing Trust, 1971.
Bahá’u’lláh. The Hidden Words. Trans. Shoghi Effendi. US Bahá’í Publishing Trust, 1925.
Bahá’u’lláh. Ishráqát. In Tablets of Bahá’u’lláh Revealed After the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. Bahá’í World Centre, 1978.
Bahá’u’lláh. The Kitáb-i-Aqdas. Bahá’í World Centre. 1992.
Bahá’u’lláh. Kitáb-i-Íqán: The Book of Certitude. US Bahá’í Publishing Trust. 1950.
Beeman, William. “Sincerity and Emotion in Persian Discourse: Accomplishing the Representations of Inner States.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language, vol. 2001, no. 148, 2001, pp. 31–57. doi: 10.1515/ijsl.2001.013.
Buk Baibel. Bible Society of Papua New Guinea. 1989.
Children’s Prayers. National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of Japan. 2020.
“Deepening.” In Compilation of Compilations vol. 1. Bahá’í Publications Australia, 1991.
Eberhard, David M., Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 27th ed. SIL International, 2024.
Eschraghi, Armin (translator). Brief an den Sohn des Wolfes Lauḥ-i Ibn-i Dhi’b. Verlag der Weltreligionen, 2010.
Eschraghi, Armin. “‘Eine der Schwierigsten Künste’: Einige Anmerkungen zum Übersetzen heiliger Schriften.” Zeitschrift für Bahá’í-Studien, 2013, pp. 71–120.
Gruber, Jeffrey. Translation Goals. Circular to National Spiritual Assemblies in Africa, 3 March 1984.
Hall, Edward T. Beyond Culture. Anchor Books/Random House, 1981.
Hofman. David. George Townsend Hand of the Cause of God: (Sometime Canon of St. Patrick›s Cathedral, Dublin, Archdeacon of Clonfert). George Ronald, 1983.
Hornby, Helen Bassett, comp. Lights of Guidance: A Bahá’í Reference File. India Bahá’í Publishing Trust, 2004.
Izadi, Ahmad. “Persian Honorifics and Im/politeness as Social Practice.” Journal of Pragmatics, vol. 85, 2015, pp. 81–91.
Jackson, Richard T. and Standish, William. “Papua New Guinea.” Encyclopedia Britannica, Accessed 17 Oct. 2024, britannica.com/place/Papua-New-Guinea.
Kádár, Dániel & Bargiela-Chiappini, Francesca. “Introduction: Politeness Research in and Across Cultures,” in Politeness Across Cultures. Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
Kamehkosh, Neda, and Tatiana Larina. Cultural Values and Politeness Strategies in British and Persian Family Discourse.” Proceedings of INTCESS 2020: 7th International Conference on Education and Social Sciences, 20-22 January, 2020 DUBAI (UAE), pp. 603–12, 2020.
Martin, Samuel E. A Reference Grammar of Japanese. Yale UP, 1975.
Miller, Casey, and Kate Swift. The Handbook of Nonsexist Writing for Writers, Editors and Speakers. Lippincott & Crowell Publishers, 1980.
“The Most Spoken Languages in the World.” Berlitz. 25 Jul. 2024. berlitz.com/blog/most-spoken-languages-world.
National Translation Committee. Bahai shinkyou yougoshu (Glossary of Bahá’í Terms). Japan Bahá’í National Publishing Committee, 1955.
Nida, Eugene. Toward a Science of Translation. E.J. Brill, 1964.
Nisbett, Richard E. The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently . . . and Why. Free Press, 2003.
On-Line Bahá’í Library Japan. www.bahaijp.org/library.htm.
“Prayer Wheel.” Encyclopedia Britannica, Accessed 10 Dec. 2020, britannica.com/topic/prayer-wheel.
Research Department of the Universal House of Justice. Memorandum Translation. 18 September 1988.
Research Department of the Universal House of Justice. Letter to Craig Volker dated 11 September 1991.
Research Department of the Universal House of Justice. Translations and Provisional Translations: A Compilation. Bahá’í Library. Accessed 21 Oct. 2024. bahai-library.com/compilation_provisional_translations.
Research Department of the Universal House of Justice. The Transliteration System Used in Bahá’í Literature. Bahá’í Reference Library. Accessed 21 Oct. 2024. www.bahai.org/library/transliteration/1#884760079
Reflections on the Life of the Spirit. Ed4.1.2PE. Ruhi Institute, 2020.
Saberi, Kourosh. “Routine Politeness Formulae in Persian: A Socio-lexical Analysis of Greetings, Leavetaking, Apologizing, Thanking and Requesting.” Doctoral Thesis, University of Canterbury. 2012. Accessed 22 Oct. 2024. ir.canterbury.ac.nz/handle/10092/7887.
Samandarí, Taráẓu’lláh. “Bahá’í World Congress 1963 – Tarazu’llah Samandari –Recollections of Bahá’u’lláh.” Bahá’í Perspective, 26 Jul. 2020, video, 56:35, youtube.com/watch?v=mdBwprD7q38.
Sharifian, Farzad. “Cultural Schemas in L1 and L2 Compliment Responses: A Study of Persian-speaking Learners of English.” Journal of Politeness Research, vol. 4, no. 1, 2008, pp. 55–80.
Shoghi Effendi. The Advent of Divine Justice. US Bahá’í Publishing Trust, 1990.
Shoghi Effendi. Japan Will Turn Ablaze! Tablets of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Letters of Shoghi Effendi and the Universal House of Justice, and Historical Notes about Japan. Bahá’í Publishing Trust of Japan, 1992.
Shoghi Effendi. Light of Divine Guidance. German Bahá’í Publishing Trust, 1982.
Shoghi Effendi. Letter written on behalf of Shoghi Effendi to an individual believer, 14 October 1936. In “Translation – Excerpts from Letters Written on Behalf of the Beloved Guardian,” and attached to a letter written on behalf of the Universal House of Justice to Craig Volker dated 18 September 1988.
Suzuki, Takao. Kotoba to bunka. [Language and culture]. Iwanami shoten, 1973.
Tibawi, A. L. “Is the Qu’rán Translatable?” The Moslem World, vol. 52, no. 1, 1962, pp. 4–14.
The Transliteration System Used in Bahá’í Literature. Bahá’í Reference Library. Accessed 22 Oct. 2024. bahai.org/library/transliteration/
The Universal House of Justice. Letter to an individual believer dated 8 December 1964. In Compilation on Translation and Provisional Translations. Bahá’í Library Online. bahai-library.com/compilation_provisional_translations
The Universal House of Justice. Letter to an individual believer dated 12 September 1992. In Compilation on Translation and Provisional Translations. Bahá’í Library Online. bahai-library.com/compilation_provisional_translations
The Universal House of Justice. Letter to the Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of Papua New Guinea dated 20 September 1973.
The Universal House of Justice. Message to the Conference of the Continental Boards of Counsellors, dated 29 December 2015.
The Universal House of Justice. Ridván Message 2021.
The Universal House of Justice. (ed.). The Bahá’í World Volume XX. Bahá’í World Centre, 1998.
Volker, Craig Alan. “Translating the Bahá’í Writings.” The Journal of Bahá’í Studies, vol. 2, no. 3, 1989-1990, pp. 67–78.
Volker, Craig Alan. The Nalik Language of New Ireland, Papua New Guinea. Peter Lang, 1998.
Volker, Craig Alan. (General Editor). Papua New Guinea Tok Pisin English Dictionary. Oxford UP, 2023.
“What Do You Mean – Heart Language?” Ethnos 360, 27 Oct. 2019, ethnos360.org/stories/story/what-do-you-mean-heart-language.
Wierzbicka, Anna. Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: The Semantics of Human Interaction. Mouton de Gruyter, 2003.
Yousofi, Nouroddin, Saman Ebadi, and Farkhondeh Pursiah. “An Exploratory Emic Investigation into Politeness in Persian.” Teaching English Language, vol. 10, no. 1, 2016, pp. 63–86.
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2024 Mary Goebel Noguchi, Craig Alan Volker
