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Résumé
Le présent article met en corrélation les concepts bahá’ís de la raison avec les perspectives de la philosophie. Il expose des arguments provenant des deux sources en vue d’une compréhension non réductrice de la raison humaine. Il fait valoir que même si la science peut nous aider à mieux comprendre la raison, elle n’est pas suffisante dans cette quête car elle ne peut pas saisir pleinement comment la raison humaine fait l’expérience de la réalité. L’auteur passe en revue le mode de connaissance conceptuelle de la raison, explore les implications du langage pour la philosophie de la raison et examine comment l’activité scientifique et le phénomène religieux permettent tous deux de nous éclairer sur les capacités et la nature de la raison. L’auteur avance que le processus d’apprentissage dans lequel est engagée la communauté mondiale bahá’íe peut servir de modèle pour faire intervenir la raison humaine dans une entreprise collective visant l’amélioration du monde. Il fait ensuite un retour à la philosophie et affirme que si plusieurs philosophes contemporains soutiennent de manière convaincante que la raison humaine ne se réduit pas à la causalité physique, la résistance des philosophes à l’idée d’une dimension spirituelle de la raison humaine est extrêmement limitative. La faculté de raisonnement des êtres humains démontre des capacités qui transcendent la nature, et une conception de la raison en tant que « pouvoir de l’esprit humain » ou « âme rationnelle » peut non seulement se révéler fructueuse pour comprendre la raison, mais elle peut aussi permettre aux êtres humains d’orienter le monde, comme l’a démontré le processus d’apprentissage discuté plus haut dans l’article, et ainsi, se révéler prometteur pour l’avenir de l’humanité.
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